| Jan 1735 |
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus releases the first publication of the book Systema Naturae providi |
Challenge (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1800 |
Level of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 290ppm |
Observation (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1824 |
First Industrial Revolution |
Observation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1845 |
German naturalist and explorer Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt publishes |
Challenge (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1850 |
Mean global temperature is about 13.6ﾰC |
Observation (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1859 |
Fourier calculates that the Earth would be far colder if it lacked an atmosphere |
Observation (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1870 |
Chamberlin produces a model for global carbon exchange including feedbacks |
Observation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1896 |
Tyndall discovers that some gases block infrared radiation |
Observation (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1897 |
Arrhenius publishes first calculation of global warming from human emissions of CO2 |
Observation (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1900 |
Second Industrial Revolution. Fertilizers and other chemicals, electricity, and public health furthe |
Observation (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1914 |
World War I |
Observation (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1920 |
Opening of Texas and Persian Gulf oil fields inaugurates era of cheap energy. |
Observation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1930 |
Global warming trend since late 19th century reported |
Observation (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1938 |
Milankovitch proposes orbital changes as the cause of ice ages |
Observation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1939 |
Callendar argues that CO2 greenhouse global warming is underway |
Observation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1945 |
World War II |
Observation (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1945 |
US Office of Naval Research begins generous funding of many fields of science |
Emergence (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1956 |
Phillips produces a realistic computer model of atmosphere |
Emergence (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1956 |
Ewing and Donn offer a feedback model for quick ice age onset |
Emergence (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1956 |
Plass calculates that adding CO2 to the atmosphere will have a significant effect on the radiation b |
Emergence (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1957 |
Launch of Soviet Sputnik satellite. Cold War concerns support 1957-58 International Geophysical Year |
Emergence (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1957 |
Revelle finds that CO2 produced by humans will not be readily absorbed by the oceans |
Emergence (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1958 |
Telescope studies show a greenhouse effect raises temperature of the atmosphere of Venus far above t |
Emergence (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1960 |
Mitchell reports downturn of global temperatures since the early 1940s |
Emergence (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1960 |
Keeling accurately measures CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere and detects an annual rise. Current level |
Emergence (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1962 |
Cuban Missile Crisis |
Emergence (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1963 |
Calculations suggest that feedback with water vapor could make the climate acutely sensitive to chan |
Emergence (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1963 |
Human population growth rate peaks at 2.2% per year in 1963. |
Emergence (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1965 |
Boulder, Colo. meeting on causes of climate change |
Emergence (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1966 |
Emiliani's analysis of deep-sea cores and Broecker's analysis of ancient corals |
Emergence (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1967 |
International Global Atmospheric Research Program established |
Emergence (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1967 |
Manabe and Wetherald make a convincing calculation |
Emergence (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1968 |
Studies suggest a possibility of collapse of Antarctic ice sheets |
Popularisation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1969 |
Nimbus III satellite provides atmospheric data |
Popularisation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1969 |
Astronauts walk on the Moon |
Popularisation (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1969 |
Budyko and Sellers present models of catastrophic ice-albedo |
Popularisation (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1970 |
First Earth Day |
Popularisation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1970 |
Creation of US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
Popularisation (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1970 |
Aerosols from human activity are shown to be increasing swiftly |
Popularisation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1971 |
SMIC conference |
Popularisation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1971 |
Mariner 9 spacecraft finds dust storm on Mars |
Popularisation (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1972 |
Ice cores and other evidence show big climate shifts in past |
Popularisation (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1972 |
Droughts in Africa, Ukraine, India |
Popularisation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1973 |
Oil embargo |
Popularisation (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1974 |
Serious droughts since 1972 |
Popularisation (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1975 |
Warnings about environmental effects of airplanes |
Popularisation (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1975 |
Manabe and collaborators produce complex computer models |
Popularisation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1976 |
Studies show CFCs, methane and ozone effects |
Popularisation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1976 |
Deep-sea cores show dominating influence from 100,000-year orbital changes |
Popularisation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1976 |
Deforestation and other ecosystem changes are recognized |
Popularisation (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 1976 |
Eddy shows that there were prolonged periods without sunspots |
Popularisation (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1977 |
Scientific opinion tends to converge on global warming, not cooling |
Popularisation (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1978 |
Inadequate National Climate Program Act |
Popularisation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1979 |
Second oil 'energy crisis' |
Popularisation (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1979 |
US National Academy of Sciences report |
Popularisation (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1979 |
World Climate Research Programme launched |
Popularisation (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1981 |
Election of Reagan brings backlash against environmental movement to power |
Popularisation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1981 |
IBM Personal Computer introduced |
Popularisation (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1981 |
Hansen and others show that sulfate aerosols can significantly cool the climate |
Popularisation (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 1981 |
Some scientists predict greenhouse warming 'signal' by year 2000 |
Popularisation (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1982 |
Greenland ice cores reveal temperature oscillations from past |
Challenge (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1982 |
Strong global warming since mid-1970s is reported, with 1981 the warmest year on record. =>Modern te |
Challenge (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1983 |
Reports from US National Academy of Sciences and Environmental Protection Agency spark conflict, as |
Challenge (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1985 |
Ramanathan and collaborators announce that global warming may come twice as fast as expected, from r |
Challenge (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1985 |
Villach Conference declares consensus among experts that some global warming seems inevitable, calls |
Challenge (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1985 |
Antarctic ice cores show that CO2 and temperature went up and down together through past ice ages, p |
Challenge (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 1985 |
Broecker speculates that a reorganization of North Atlantic Ocean circulation can bring swift and ra |
Challenge (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1987 |
Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention imposes international restrictions |
Challenge (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1988 |
News media coverage of global warming leaps upward |
Challenge (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1988 |
Toronto conference calls for strict, specific limits on greenhouse gas emissions |
Challenge (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1988 |
Ice-core and biology studies confirm living ecosystems |
Challenge (9) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 1988 |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established |
Challenge (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1989 |
Fossil-fuel and other U.S. industries form Global Climate Coalition |
Challenge (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1990 |
First IPCC report |
Challenge (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1991 |
Hansen predicts cooling pattern, verifying computer models of aerosol effects |
Challenge (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1991 |
Global warming skeptics claim that 20th-century temperature changes followed from solar influences. |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 1991 |
Studies from 55 million years ago show possibility of eruption of methane from the seabed with enorm |
Challenge (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1992 |
Conference in Rio de Janeiro produces UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, but US blocks calls |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1992 |
Study of ancient climates reveals climate sensitivity in same range as predicted independently by co |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1993 |
Greenland ice cores suggest that great climate changes (at least on a regional scale) can occur in t |
Challenge (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1995 |
Second IPCC report detects 'signature' of human-caused greenhouse effect warming, declares that seri |
Challenge (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1995 |
Reports of the breaking up of Antarctic ice shelves and other signs of actual current warming in pol |
Challenge (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1997 |
Toyota introduces Prius in Japan, first mass-market electric hybrid car; swift progress in large win |
Challenge (4) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1997 |
International conference produces Kyoto Protocol, setting targets for industrialized nations to redu |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1998 |
Super El Ni�o causes weather disasters and warmest year on record (approximately matched by 2005 and |
Challenge (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1998 |
Qualms about arbitrariness in computer models diminish as teams model ice-age climate and dispense w |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 1999 |
Criticism that satellite measurements show no warming are dismissed by National Academy Panel. =>Mod |
Challenge (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 1999 |
Ramanathan detects massive 'brown cloud' of aerosols from South Asia. =>Aerosols |
Challenge (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2000 |
Global Climate Coalition dissolves as many corporations grapple with threat of warming, but oil lobb |
Challenge (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2000 |
Variety of studies emphasize variability and importance of biological feedbacks in carbon cycle, lia |
Governance (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2001 |
Third IPCC report states baldly that global warming, unprecedented since end of last ice age, is 've |
Governance (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2001 |
Bonn meeting, with participation of most countries but not US, develops mechanisms for working towar |
Governance (6) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 2001 |
National Academy panel sees a 'paradigm shift' in scientific recognition of the risk of abrupt clima |
Governance (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 2001 |
Warming observed in ocean basins; match with computer models gives a clear signature of greenhouse e |
Governance (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2002 |
Studies find surprisingly strong 'global dimming,' due to pollution, has retarded arrival of greenho |
Governance (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2003 |
Numerous observations raise concern that collapse of ice sheets (West Antarctica, Greenland) can rai |
Governance (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2003 |
Deadly summer heat wave in Europe accelerates divergence between European and US public opinion. =>P |
Governance (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2004 |
First major books, movie and art work featuring global warming appear. =>Public opinion |
Governance (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2005 |
Kyoto treaty goes into effect, signed by major industrial nations except US. Work to retard emission |
Normative (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2005 |
Hurricane Katrina and other major tropical storms spur debate over impact of global warming on storm |
Normative (2) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2006 |
In longstanding 'hockey stick' controversy, scientists conclude post-1980 global warming was unprece |
Normative (7) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2006 |
An Inconvenient Truth documentary persuades many but sharpens political polarization. |
Normative (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2007 |
Fourth IPCC report warns that serious effects of warming have become evident; cost of reducing emiss |
Normative (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2007 |
Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and Arctic Ocean sea-ice cover found to be shrinking faster than |
Normative (8) |
Vote |
|
|
| Jan 2009 |
Many experts warn that global warming is arriving at a faster and more dangerous pace than anticipat |
Normative (1) |
Vote |
|
|
| Feb 2009 |
Excerpts from stolen e-mails of climate scientists fuel public skepticism. |
Normative (5) |
Vote |
|
|
| Mar 2009 |
Copenhagen conference fails to negotiate binding agreements: end of hopes of avoiding dangerous futu |
Normative (10) |
Vote |
|
|
| Apr 2009 |
Level of CO2 in the atmosphere reaches 385 ppm. |
Normative (3) |
Vote |
|
|
| May 2009 |
Mean global temperature (five-year average) is 14.5ﾰC, the warmest in hundreds, and probably thousan |
Normative (3) |
Vote |
|
|
